DAVID THOMSON, THE SCOTTISH FOUNDER OF NEW HAMPSHIRE... A GENTLEMAN, AND A SCHOLAR by Genevieve Cora Fraser Copyright 1998, 1999. All rights reserved. PART 1
"...but no body can see into those deep Secrets except a few people who stand near the Candle." Jeremiah Dummer, Agent. Province of Massachusetts Bay in London, Middle Temple 8th Oct. 1725 (1)
The 1st known European settlement in New Hampshire, Piscataqua, was founded in 1622, not by an Englishman as one might presume, but rather by a Scottish Gentleman, Mr. David Thomson. The "plantation" was part of the colonization of Nova Albion (New England) under the Scottish king...James Stuart the VI of Scotland, aka, James 1st of England...the son of the martyred Mary Stewart, Queen of the Scots. Except for a handful of statements left by early colonists, few details of the Thomson settlement were known to have survived until May 1876 when the Massachusetts Historical Society printed an article by the noted historian, Charles Deane. According to Deane, an old parchment deed had been placed in his hands some two or three years before by the President of the Society, Mr. Winthrop. The parchment, which had been "discovered among the rich ancestral treasures of a like character," was the 6,000 acre "Piscataqua" Indenture pertaining to David Thomson’s grant from the Council for New England. (2) Described by contemporaries as a Scotsman, Thomson was living in Devonshire, England as early as July 13, 1613, the date he married Amias Cole at St. Andrews Church in Plymouth, England. Parish records also show that three daughters and one son were born to David and Amias between 1615 and 1620. (3) In 1615, the year his first child was born and soon after died, David established an Apothecary shop in a house built by his father-in-law, the Plymouth shipwright, William Cole. (4) And though the preamble to the Indenture, dated 14 December 1622, shows that Thomson continued to reside in Plymouth, there is evidence he also spent time in London, engaged in Council business...and was possibly in New England as early as 1619. "Articles of Covenants Indentid made and agreed on; the foureteenth daye of December, in the twentieth yeare of the raigne of our Soueigne Lord James by the grace of god of England Frannce and Ireland King Defender of the faith &c. And of Scotland the Sixe and fiftieth Betweene....Dauid Thomson of Plymouth in the County of devon gentleman of those Parte,...And Abraham Colmer Nicholas Sherwill, and Leonard Pomery of Plymouth aforesaid marchants of th'other parte." (5) Extracts from the Council for New England records reveal that one of Thomson’s roles was to inform the Lords, and thereby His Majesty, of the concerns and activities of the Council. He also acted as an agent on behalf of the Council in a variety of other matters. 5th of July 1622: "It is ordered that David Thomson do attend the Lords, with a petition to his majesty for forfeits committed by Thomas Weston, also to solicit the Lords for procuring from his Majesty a proclamation concerning the fishermen of the western parts. Likewise to procure some course for punishing their contempt of authority." (6) The petition was acknowledged by the King on the 6 November 1622 with a "Proclamation Prohibiting Interloping and Disorderly Trading to New England in America." "Whereby, having received certain information of many and intolerable abuses offered by sundry interlopers, irregular and disobedient persons....We for reformation and prevention of these or the like evils hereafter, and for the more clear declaration of our kingly resolution and just intents, both to maintain our royal grant already made, and to uphold and encourage ...the undertakers of those designs...do hereby straightly charge and command that none of our subjects whatsoever...in New England, presume from henceforth to frquent those coasts...otherwise by the license of the said counsel or according to the orders established by our privy council..." (7) July 24, 1622 was the date of the first division of the Patent for New England by the Council for New England. As the record reveals, David Thomson was to meet with the Council Lords, as agent for the Council for New England. The "bounds for the dividends" of the patents for the Lord Duke of Lennox and the Earl of Arundel were also determined at this meeting. (8) 24th of July 1622: "...Mr. Thomson is appointed to attend the Lords, for a warrant to Mr. Attorney-General for drawing the new patent, Sir Henry Spilman to attend on the same subject." (9) This was also the date that the "Tenure for Private Planters" was drawn up. The Tenure stated that "private planters shall hold of the Chamber of State to be established there, and shall have power to create their own tenures to such as shall hold under them." Through this, Thomson’s Indenture may have been legally established. In addition, the following entry determined that the feudal system of Old England be continued in New England. "The country is to be called Nova Albion. That there may be power given in to grant patent to create titles of honor and precedency so as they differ in nomination from the titles used here in England." (10) Later that year, in November, Thomson appears as de-facto attorney, treasurer, and general manager for the affairs of the Council. 8th of November 1622: "Mr. Thomson is ordered to pay unto Leo. Peddock L10 (ten pounds) towards his pains for his last employments to New England." 11th of November 1622: "Mr. Thomson is appointed to attend Sir Robert Mansell," concerning Captain Squibb's commission. 15th of November 1622: "Mr. Thomson and the clerk" are directed to "see the tun of iron weighed" to be sent to Whitby. And on the same day "Mr. Thomson is appointed to solicit Capt. Love to pay in the L40 for which Sr. Saml. Argall standeth engaged," etc. On the 16th of November, Thomson received his patent, or grant, for 6,000 acres and an island in New England, but unlike the Lords, his intent was to actually embark on a colonial adventure. 16th of November 1622: "It is ordered that Mr. Thomson solicit the adventurers for payment in of their moneys" ; and under the same date, "Mr. Thomson's patent was this day signed by the above said Council." (11) Shortly afterwards, Thomson made preparations for his journey, by securing provisions and men for establishing the plantation. 3rd of December 1622: "Mr. Thomson prepoundeth to have order from the Council for transportation of ten persons with the provisions for New England. And the persons so transported to pay the Council for the usual rate for their transportation, after the expiration of two years." (12) At the time Thomson was finalizing plans to establish a colony in New England, Walter Younge, Esq. of Devon wrote in his diary, "There is a great scarcity of money within all this kingdom, so that any man cannot depend on any payment or receat any money due to him, and generally all the country is impoverished." (13) While Council Lords were busy doling out large tracts of land in the New World for themselves, three men are known to have received grants for 6,000 acres and an island in New England, to be "confirmed in his possession once he occupied the land." These men were Christopher Levett, Abraham Jennings, and David Thomson. (14) Monhegan Island in Maine, was part of the Jennings grant. In 1626, Jennings sold out his store of goods there, valued at £800, to the Plymouth Plantation governor, William Bradford, and to David Thomson. (15) In contrast to the 6,000 acres grants, the grant to the Pilgrims at Plymouth Plantation was for 1,500 acres, with 100 extra acres for each settler. (16 ) Not surprising, one of the largest grants, the Massachusetts grant, was reserved for the son of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, who was the Governor of the fort at Plymouth, England. Gorges was known as the chief architect of the New England colonization plans which were implemented through the Council for New England. Yet, even with the grant for Massachusetts, Thomson played a key role. According to Edward Raymond Turner in "The Privy Council Of England in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries," Much business concerning the plantations over seas came before the Privy Council." (17) Two of the most powerful members of the Privy Council, Ludovic Stuart, the 2nd Duke of Lenox and Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel played a dominant role in overseeing and supporting the "the plantacon in the North partes of Virginia in America," (18) otherwise known as New England. A third prominant Privy Council member, appointed to the council for the plantation of New England, was James, Marquis of Hamilton. Ludovick, the Duke of Lenox was a close cousin of the King, in line for the throne. In 1591, King James appointed him Lord High Admiral of Scotland. Ludovick accompanied the King to England, and in 1616 was appointed Lord Steward of His Magesty’s Household. His father, Esme Stuart, the first Duke of Lennox was also styled Lord Darnley and Aubigney as had been the King’s father, the murdered Henry Stuart. (19) Thomas Howard, the Earl of Arundel was "one of the most enlightened (art) collectors and patrons that England has ever known." (20) His son, Henry was married to Ludovic’s niece, Lady Elizabeth Stuart. Ludovic, the Duke of Lennox died in 1624; James, the Marquis of Hamilton died in March 1625. King James died a few weeks later. (21). On 3 March 1619, a Petition for a Charter of New England by the Northern Company of Adventurers had been presented "To the King’s most excellant Majesty." His Majesty’s council "residing here in England for that plantation" were to be chosen out of the "noblemen and knights adventurers home about London, others the adventurers both knights, gentlemen and merchants in the western counties; so as the said council do not exceed the number of forty..." "Upon reading of this petition, their lordships did order that the Lord Duke of Lenox, Lord Steward of his Majesty’s household, and the Earl of Arundel shall take notice of the petition, consider of the demands for privileges, and thereupon certify their opinions to their lordships that such further order may be taken as shall be meet." (22) The Council for New England received their authority from a Royal Patent from King James, dated 3/11/1620: "Ludovico Duci Lenox, et al. Consiliar de Plymouth, Con new Colon de Newe-England, sibi et Successorib. JAMES by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, etc...." (23) The grant confirmed to the Council, and their successors, all the land of New England and, "lying and being from forty to forty-eight degrees of northerly latitude." (24) The boldness of the scheme raised the ire of Parliament which assembled in 1621 and immediately dissolved into a Committee to address this grievance of the Commonwealth. (25) Among the concerns expressed by the Parliamentary Grievance Committee was that the Royal Charter virtually assured a monopoly by Gorges and the Council Lords, "and that some profit, by a course of fishing upon the coast, may be made extraordinary." Gorges explained that the grant obtained from his Majesty was never intended to be put to private use, and that "...several offers (were) made to all the maritime cities and towns in the Western parts, that pleased to partake of the liberties and immunities granted to us by his Majesty; which was desired principally for our warrant to regulate those affairs." (26) Sir Ferdinando Gorges had to appear twice more before this committee to answer charges and concerns. These efforts spanned from 1621-1624. On December 30, 1622, Sir Ferdinando Gorges' patent for his son Robert Gorges was signed for "all that part of the main land in New-England aforesaid, commonly called or known by the name of Messachusiack, situate, lying and being upon the northeast side of the Bay called or known by the name of Messachuset... together with all the shores and coasts along the sea for ten English miles..." For this privilege, the payment of one hundred and sixty pounds of lawful English money was put into the hands of the Treasurer by Robert Gorges. (27) At the close of the Gorges patent is the following, "And lastly know ye, that we the said Council have deputized, authorized and appointed, and in our place and stead have put David Thomson, Gent., or in his absence any other person that shall be their Governor, or other officer unto the said Council, to be our true and lawful attorney and attorneys, and in our name and stead to enter the said lands...and take possession and seisen thereof...for us and in our name to deliver the same unto the said Robert Gorges or his heirs..." The document is signed by the Duke of Lenox, the Marquis of Hamilton, the Earl of Arundell and Surrey as well as by Sir Robert Mansell, Doctor Barnaby Goach, treasurer, and William Boles, clerk of the Council. (28) Thomson settled Piscataqua (NH) in the spring of 1623. In the autumn of that year, Robert Gorges arrived with a company of gentlemen and servants. Gorges returned to England early in 1624 and died soon afterwards. Several years later, Thomson died and his widow, Amias married her husband’s close friend, Samuel Maverick, who had arrived in the company of gentlemen with Gorges. (29) During the Restoration, King Charles II appointed Samuel Maverick a Royal Commissioner for the New England Colonies. About 1660, Maverick wrote A Description of New England for Sir Edward Hyde (afterwards the Earl of Clarendon) who was then Lord High Chancellor. In the following entry, Maverick documents the arrival of David Thomson to New England. "Strawberry Bank. The Great House & Isle of Shooles. - Within 2 Myles of the Mouth is Strawberry Banke where are many Families, and a Minister & a Meeting House, and to the meeting Houses of Dower & Exceter, most of the people resort. This Strawberry Banke is part of 6000 acres granted by Patent about ye yeare 1620 or 1621, to Mr. David Thompson, who with the assistance of Mr. Nicholas Sherwill, Mr. Leonard Pomeroy and Mr. Abraham Colmer of Plymouth Merchants, went ower with a Considerable Company of Servants and Built a Strong and Large House, enclosed it with a large and high Palizado and mounted Gunns, and being stored extraordinarily with shot and Ammunition was a Terror to the Indians, who at that time were insulting over the poor and weake and unfurnished Planters of Plymouth. This house and ffort he built on a Point of Land at the very entrance of Pasccatoway River. And having granted by Patent all the Island bordering on this land to the Midle of the River, he tooke possession of an Island comonly called the great Island and for the bounds of this side he went up the River to a point called Bloudy Point, and by the sea side about 4 milles he had also power of Government within his owne bounds, Notwithstanding all this, all is at this day in the power and at the disposall of the Massachusitts. Two Leagues of lyes the Isle of Shooles one of the best places for ffishing in the land, they have built a Church here and maintaine a Minister." (30) Thomson’s arrival is also chronicled in "The Deposition of Phinneas Pratt regarding the planting of the Plymouth (1620) and Wessagusett (1622) Colony." "...9 (?) of our men weare ded wth famine and on died in the ship before thay Came to the place whear at that Time of yeare ships Came to fish -- it being in March. At this Time ships began to fish at ye Islands of Sholes and I haveing Recovered a Little of my . . . th went to my Company near about this Time . . . the first plantation att Pascataqua the . . . thereof was Mr. Dauid Tomson at the time of my arivall (?) att Pascataqua..." "...Not long after the oferthrow of the first plantation in the bay, Capt. Louit Cam to yer Cuntry. At the Time of his being at Pascataway a Sacham or Sagamor Gaue two of his men, on to Capt. Louit & An other to Mr. Tomson, but on yt was ther said, "How can you trust these Salvagis. Cale the nam of on Watt Tylor, & ye other Jack Straw, after ye names of the two greatest Rebills yt ever weare in Eingland." Watt Tylor said "when he was a boy Capt. Dormer found him upon an Island in great distress." (31) Under the date of 1623, Governor Bradford, in speaking of the Weston Colony states, "There were also this year some scattering beginnings made in other places as at Paskataway, by Mr. David Thomson, at Monhigen, and at some other places, by sundry others." Christopher Levett, one of the three men who was granted 6,000 acres and an island, came over in 1623 and returned the following year. Levett wrote, "The next place I came unto was Pannaway, where one M. Thomson hath made a Plantation. There I stayed about one month." (32) By 1625/26 Maverick, with the assistance of David Thomson, built a fort at Noddles Island (currently Logan Airport) in Boston Harbor and possibly a house at Squantum Neck, which connects to the island at low tide via a sand bar. (The Plymouth Plantation Governor, William Bradford, in his "Letter Book" refers to a Mrs. Thomson as living at Squantum Neck in 1628, presumably after David’s death.) Thomson may have chosen to move to the Massachusetts Bay location to better serve as the Acting Governor under the Robert Gorges grant, a position which had become more than a formality following the death of young Gorges. (33) What became of Thomson’s interest in the Piscataqua plantation is not clear. Perhaps he continued to micro-manage it from his Boston Harbor post until his death. What is clear, from Massachusetts Bay Colony records, is that a Mr. John Thomson, Master of the ship the Elizabeth of New England, was the son born to David and Amias Thomson in 1619. In 1650, he laid claim to an island in Boston Harbor, which to this day is referred to as Thomson’s Island. His claim was supported by the testimony of four individuals. Miles Standish stated that in the yeare 1620 he had come into this country "and I take it the same yeare I was in the Massachusett Bay with Willjam Trevoyre and then being on the Island lying neere Dorchester And called the sajd Island; Island Trevoyre and then no natives there Inhabiting... Further I Cann testify that David Thompson had shown me a very Ancient Pattent and that Isle Thompson was in it but the terms of it I cannot remember." The Sagamore of Agawam testified "that in the yeare 1619: or thereabouts as I Remember I went in my own person with Mr. David Thompson and then he tooke possession of the Island before Dorcester he liking no other but that because of the Smale Riuer and then no Indeans upon it or any wigwam or planting..." William Blaxton (Blackstone), one of the first residents of what was to become Boston, Massachusetts, testified that the Island called Tomson’s I. is by Dorcester neck, and that I heard ould Mr. Thompson affirm that he had a patten for it and there is a harbor in that island for a boat which none of the rest of the islands had and these that put hoggs there doe it to his consent to my knowledge," (34) William Trevour (Trevor), a sailor on the Mayflower and later Captain of his own ship, the William claimed that ‘Thompsons Island’ is the formerly called ‘Island of Trevour’ which I took possession of in 1619 and declared the same (as the effect of my proceedings) to Mr David Thomson in London; on which information the said T. obtained a grant and patten for peaceable and quiet possession of said island to him and heirs forever: - I being in the Company’s service at the said time..." (35) If the 1619 date is correct, then David Thomson may have been in London about the time the "Petition for a Charter of New England by the Northern Company of Adventurers" was presented to the King. In 1619, Thomson may also have set sail with Captain Dermer or have traveled on one of the many other vessels the merchants of London and Plymouth had trading with New England. (36) Evidence that David Thomson was a Scotsman associated with Scottish ambitions in the New World is corroborated by several of his colonial associates. Though in general, there were restrictions placed on the numbers and activities of the Scottish abroad in England. The historian P. Hume Brown wrote of tensions between the two nations, due to the Scottish King’s ascendancy to the throne of England: "The spectacle of needy Scots flocking southward, appropriating wealth and capturing lucrative offices, had stirred the jealousy and wrath of all Englishmen," Brown stated. (37) David Thomson was not only a Scotsman, he was styled "Mr." and "Gentleman," which leads to the question of exactly who Mr. David Thomson, Gent. was? Why, as a Scotsman, was he allowed to remain in England? And why was he held in high esteem by the English, as well as Scottish Lords closely associated with the King, such as the Duke of Lennox, and as we shall see, by Sir William Alexander, the Earl of Stirling? Evidence of Thomson’s Scottish origin is found in Chapter 6 of Edward Winslow’s "Good Newes from New England," which was published in London in 1624. It is a journal of events that occured between 1622 and 1623 at Plymouth Colony. "...At the same time Captain Standish being formerly employed by the Governor to buy provisions for the refreshing of the Colony, returned with the same, accompanied with one Mr. David Tomson, a Scotchman, who also that Spring began a Plantation twenty-five leagues northeast from us, near Smiths Isles, at a place called Pascatoquack, where he liketh well..." (38) At some point, whether at Piscataqua or at Thomson's Island, David made the acquaintance of the Lord of Misrule, Thomas Morton, the arch-enemy of the Plymouth Plantation notable, Miles Standish. Morton is infamous for the 1st keg party in America. Captain Standish spied upon Morton and his companions, as they drunkenly cavorted with native Americans, during May Day celebrations at his "Merry Mount" dwelling place along the coast of the Massachusetts Bay. Morton’s "New English Cannan," published in 1637 in Holland, was the 1st book banned in America. In it, Morton theorizes on the origin of the Native Americans, and also makes note of Thomson’s nationality, status, education and level of sophistication. "...Therefore since I have had the approbation of Sir Christophe gardiner Knight an able gentl. that lived amongsts them & of David Thompson a Scottish gentl. that likewise was conversant with those people both Scollers and Travellers that were diligent of taking notice of these things as men of good judgement. And that have bin in those parts any time; besides others of lesse, now I am bold to conclude that the originall of the Natives of New England may be well conjectured to be from the scattered Trojans, after such time as Brutus departed from Latium." (39) Sir Ferdinando Gorges was joined in his efforts to colonize the northern portion of the eastern seaboard by the Scottish Knight, Sir William Alexander, aka the Earl of Stirling. Sir William Alexander had once been tutor to King James' son Henry, and was a favorite of the royal household. Somehow, the mystery of David Thomson’s identity appears to be linked to this Scottish Lord as evidenced by a letter which is preserved by the Massachusetts Historical Society in Boston. While in England, Sir William Alexander served as Master of Requests to his Majesty for the realm of Scotland, and as Secretary of State, and as a member of the King's Privy Council. Alexander also encouraged King James in American colonization efforts. (40) In January 1626, following the death of King James 1st, Alexander assumed the role of Scottish Minister resident at Court, advising King Charles 1st "about everything Scottish, and conducting officially the correspondence of Charles with the Council in Edinburgh." (41) Through King Charles, Sir William Alexander was able to execute the American colonial plans initially developed by his father, King James; namely, a grant of territories for Nova Scotia (New Scotland) within the bounds of the Council for New England Royal Patent. This colonization effort was to be paid for through money raised by the creation of Nova Scotia Baronets. (42) By 1637, both Sir William Alexander and Sir Ferdinando Gorges were nearly bankrupt from their endeavors. About this time, meetings involving the Council for New England were sometimes held in the home of Sir Ferdinando Gorges’ cousin, Lord Edward Gorges, who had been involved in the Councils affairs from the beginning. On occasions, Sir William Alexander was also in attendance. (43) On July 4, 1637, Sir William Alexander, writing as the Earl of Stirling, composed a joint letter to the Authorities of the Massachusetts Bay Company, in regard to the rights of John Thomson, heir of David Thomson, and his claim to the ownership of Thomson's Island. Alexander is joined in the letter by Lord Edward Gorges and Sir Ferdinando Gorges. In the original document, the uppermost signature is "ESterling," beneath it is "EdGorges." The bottom of the document bears the scrawled signature of Sir Ferdinando Gorges. (The Massachusetts Historical Society has indexed the document as a letter by Sir William Alexander.) The letter begins "on behalf of the heir John Thompson the sonne of David Thompson sometyme sirvant to the Councille for those affaires." The concern expressed was that John's mother, Amias, had since her marriage to another man (Maverick) allowed for the disposing of her son's rightful property (Thomson’s Island) which "his Father had so hardly obtayned." (44) The accusation against Amias proved to be unfounded, as demonstrated by John’s ability to reclaim the island. Though according to Aspinwall's Notarial Records, in 1640, John’s stepfather, Samuel Maverick, did lend money from John’s estate with his approval to fellow merchant, Thomas Fowle, and later to his son Nathaniel Maverick. However, the funds were repaid which proves that the Council Lords had worried needlessly. (45) Three years earlier, Amias Cole, widow of David Thomson, wife of Samuel Maverick wrote a letter to Robert Trelawney sometimes mayor of Plymouth, England. The letter, complete with her signature, was printed in the Trelawney Papers, Vol III of Maine Historical Society, Second Series in 1884. Nottells Island in Massachusetts Bay the 20th of November, 1635 Good Sir:- I kindly salute you in the Lord. I am given to understand by divers that my father is verie much incensed againsts me, but by what meanes I know not, and that he hath offered to make sale of his land, notwithstanding he conveyed it to me by his deed (which I doubt not but will prove sufficient,) and had of me fifty pounds in consideration of it, that so the land might remaine to me & my children after my ffathers decease. And now I am enformed that my ffather would fayne dispose of the land & repay this fifty pounds. Now my humble request unto your worship is, that as you loved my first husband, so you would be pleased to doe that favor for me and my ffatherless children as to speake to my father concerning this thing, for I am perswaded your good word to him in our behalfe will much prevaile, and whereas my father (as I am told) would dispose of the land and have mee to take the fifty pounds againe, I shall desire you to intreate him that it may remaine with him, for my children, & that he would not goe about to put the land from us contrary to his deeds and promises. As for the house which I lived in, my father gave it me presently in marriage, and I have left it wholy to his disposeing since I came thence, without haveing any benefitt of it, only to give my father content. And thus craveing pardon for my greate boldnes, not doubting but that you will be pleased to doe me this favour, wherein both I and mine shall ever rest obliged unto you, and thus with my best respects to your selfe & your loveing wife, I humby take my leave, and remaine, your ffriend. AMIAS MAVERICKE I shall intreate you to remember me kindly to Mr. Clemett. (46) Perhaps the reason Amias’ father, William Cole, a prominant Plymouth shipwright and philanthropist, was "verie much incensed " against her had to do with his belief that Amias favored her second husband, Samuel Maverick, over her son by David Thomson. Cole may have shared this concern with Lord Edward and Sir Ferdinando Gorges. They, in turn, might have informed Sir William Alexander, the Earl of Stirling. And together they contacted the Massachusetts Bay authorities. My suspicion is that the concern expressed by the Gorges in the letter dated 4 July 1637 may have been politically motivated. John Thomson’s loss of Thomson’s Island would mean the loss of the last strong-hold the Council for New England had in the region. However, the Earl of Stirling’s involvement was not with New England, only Nova Scotia and Long Island. The old Scottish knight, writing shortly before his death, may have been genuinely concerned. Stirling may have known Thomson as a young man. There is also a possibility that the Duke of Lenox, and even the King, may have known his father. Perhaps the Earl sensed that the American landed interests of his own family, plus many of the Nova Scotia Baronets, as well as the interests of the heir of one of the few Scottish Gentleman of the King James era who actively worked to establish a plantation, were about to be swallowed up by English colonial efforts. SOURCES 1. The Colonial Society of Massachusetts, Vol VI, Transactions 1899, 1900. Collection of letters relating to the early history of Yale. Jeremy Dummer to Timothy Woodbridge. 8 Oct. 1725. (Colonial Society: Boston, 1904) 2. Charles Deane. Indenture of David Thomson and Others. (Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society: Boston, May 1876). p. 358. 3. "Devonshire Parish Registers." General Editor: Thos. M. Blagg, F.S.A. Vol. II. Edited by A. Terry Satterford London Issued to the Subscribers by Phillimore & Co., Ltd. 124, Chancery Lane. 1915. 4. "A Volume Relating To The Early History of Boston, Containing Aspinwall's Notarial Records, From 1644 to 1651." (Boston:1903). p. 128-130. 5. Deane. Indenture of David Thomson and Others. p. 382 6. Ibid. pp. 360-361. 7. Foundations of Colonial America. A Documentary History. Vol 1, Part 2 Northeastern Colonies. Edit. W. Kieth Kavenaugh. (Chelsea House: New York 1983) pp 515-516. 8. Foundations of Colonial America. Vol. 1, Part 1. pp 39-40. 9. Deane, Indenture of David Thomson and Others. pp. 360-361. 10. Foundations of Colonial America. Vol. 1, Part 1. pp 39-40. 11. Deane, Indenture of David Thomson and Others. pp. 360-361. 12. Ibid.. State Papers, Colonial Series 1574-1660, edited by W. Noel Sainsbury, Esq. (London 1860). (Reprint, Kraus Reprint Ltd.:Vaduz 1964). pp 31-32, 34. 13. "Diary of Walter Younge, Esq. Justice of the Peace and M.P. for Honiton, Written at Colyton and Axminster, Co. Devon, from 1604 to 1628." Edit. George Roberts. Printed for the Camden Society. (J.B. Nichols and Sons: London M.D.CCC.XL.VIII.) p. 52 14. Robert Earl Moody. A Re-Examination of the Antecedents of the Massachusetts Bay Company’s Charter of 1629. Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Scoety. Vol LXIX. (MHS:Boston 1956) p. 59 15. Ibid. p. 60 16. Richard Arthur Preston. Georges of Plymouth Fort. (Univ. of Toronto Press: Toronto, Canada 1953) p. 220 17. Edward Raymond Turner. The Privy Council Of England in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. (The John Hopkins Press: Baltimore 1927) p. 149 18. John Romeyn Broadhead, Esq. Documents relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York. Vol. III ( Weed Parsons and Company: Albany, NY 1853) p. 3. 19. The Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Sir Leslie Stephen and Sir Sidney Lee. (Oxford Univ. Press:1917) Vol. XIX. p. 107-108. 20. Christopher White. Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel. (J. Paul Getty Museum of Art: California 1995) p. 1. 21. The Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. VIII pp.1061-62, Vol. X pp 72-3, Vol. XIX. p. 107-108. 22. Foundations of Colonial America. A Documentary History. Vol 1, Part 1. pp. 20-21. 23. Ibid. p. 22 24. Sir Ferdinando Gorges. A Brief Narration of the Original Undertakings of the Advancement of Plantations into the parts of America. Especially Shewing the beginning, progress and continuance of that of New England. Written by the Worshipfull, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Knight and Governor of the Fort and the Island of Plymouth in Devonshire. (London: E. Brudenell, for Nath. Brook at the Angell in Corn-hill. 1658). Reprinted in "Sir Ferdinando Gorges and his province of Maine." James Phinney Baxter, editor (New York, Burt Franklin 1967). Chapter XIII, p. 75. 25. Ibid. Chapters XIX, XX. (pp. 68-69) 26. Ibid. ChapterXVIII. (p. 67) 27.. Gorges, A Brief Narration of the Original Undertakings. Chapter XXV. p. 75 28. Ibid. p. 77. 29. Charles Francis Adams, Jr. Old Planters about Boston Harbor. Proceeding of the Massachusetts Historical Society, (Boston: June 1878) pp. 194-198. 30. New England Genealogical Register, Volume 39, 1885. pp 36-37. 31. Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, 4th Ser. 4. p. 486-487 32. Deane. Indenture of David Thomson and Others. note, p. 362. See Levett, Christopher. Voyage to New England, 1623-1624. "Maine in the Age of Discovery." (Portland: Maine Historical Society 1988) p. 38. 33. Deane. Indenture of David Thomson and Others. p. 372. See Governor Bradford’s Letter Book in Col. Hist. Soc. III. 63. 34. New England Historical and Genealogical Society, Vol. 9, July 1855, p. 248. 35. Ibid. 36. Crispen Gill. Plymouth, A New History. (David and Charles: Newton Abbot, Devon 1966) p. 72 37. P. Hume Brown. History of Scotland. Vol. II. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge 1912) p. 246-247. 38. Deane, Indenture of David Thomson and Others. p. 362. 39. Thomas Morton. New English Cannan. (Holland 1637) Reprinted: (Amsterdam: Da Capo Press 1969). Chapter II, p. 40. The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, edited by David Masson, LLD., Second Series, Vol. 1, A.D. 1625-1627. (Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. 1899). pp. xvii, xviii, cii. 41. Ibid. 42. Ibid. pp. cii, ciii. 43. Foundations of Colonial America. A Documentary History. Vol 1, Part 2 44. 44.Facsimile: letter dated 4th July 1637, signed by Stirling, Gorges, etc., Massachusett Historical Society Manuscript Collection. See Stanley, The Four Thompsons of Boston Harbor. p. 30-32. 45. Aspinwall's Notarial Records. pp. 70. 46. Ralph E. and Matthew Thomson. David Thomson: First Yankee. Salem, Oregon 1979. p. 139 |